Oil-press mat.



No. 753,572 PATENTED APR. 26, 1904,

R. P. WERK.

- OIL PRESS MAT. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 26. 1902.

, N0 MODEL.

WITNESSES: IN EIV TOR ZaZezfFWn W By ATTORNEY.

in: Nonms PETERS co. Pnormumu. WASHINGTON, n. c.

from washing out with the oil.

UNITED STATES Patented April 26, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

OIL-PRESS MAT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Iietters Patent No. 758,572, dated April 26, 1904.

' Original application filed September 10, 1901,.Serial No. 74,906. Divided and this application filed .Tune 26, 1902. Serial No. 113,261. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ROBERT FRANZ WERK, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, haveinvented a new and Improved Oil-Press Mat, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates-to improvements in oil-press mats; and the subject-matter of the present invention forms a divison of a priorapplication for Letters Patent,filed by'me on September 10, 1901, Serial No. 74,906.

In the manufacture of mats for oil-presses it is desirable to use animal hair, because such a cloth or mat gives a cleaner oil than mats made of fibrous or other materials, and this i is due to the fact that the oil when expressed from the material goes through the cloth or mat and is not forced out at 'the'sides, where there is nothing-to prevent the loose meats of animal hair are also superior, owing to the absence of sediment in the oil, which when present in the product requires to beeliminated by the process of filtration. Besides this objection the presence of sedimentserves to deteriorate the quality of the oil, toreduce the quantity of oil as the net-resultof the pressure and the filtration, and the settlingtanks require frequent cleaning, and, finally, the residue with the sediment must be repressed or is entirely lost. If re-pressed, the residue produces/a dark and inferior cake. The employment of hair mats overcomes these practical objections and secures good drainage facilities for the passage and escape of the oil; but in mypresentinvention I' aim to produce a mat of superior durability, owing to the soft tread or cushion which'is afiorded by soft weftthreads. for the comparatively hard or coarse Warp-threads in the body of the mat. 1

The present invention contemplates an oilpress mat or cloth consisting of warp-threads and weft-threads, said warp-threads being composed of hard, stiff, coarse, and long animal hair and the weft-threads consistingof hard, stiff, coarse, and long animal hair mixed with soft, pliable, and long animal hair, the

5 said warp-threads being greatly in excess per Mats made i square inch of the weft-threads and in such close proximity to each other as to cover'and protect the weft-threads, the warp-threads forming the selvage consisting of soft pliable v Y @155 V. The invention further consists-of an oil ihair. 7

press mat or cloth'composed of warp-threads land weft-threads made of hair, the warpthreads at the selvage being of soft hairand" the threads in the body of the cloth or mat ,having coarse strong hair. 1 Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forminga part of this specification, 'in which similar characters of reference indi- ;cate corresponding'parts' in both the figures. Figure 1 is aplan viewof a portion of an ioil press cloth or mat constructed in accordance with the present invention, and Fig.2 is a sectional elevation of the same in the plane .of the dotted line2 2 of Fig. 1.

The'mat or cloth shown by the drawings consists of 'a plurality of longitudinal warp threads or strands A in the main or body portion thereof, a proper number of longitudinal warp-threads B at the selvage, and the weftthreads C, arranged to extend transversely across the body and selvage warp-threads and interlaced or interwoven therewith in a man- }ner for the weft-threads to be entirely concealed and protected by the warp-threads.

' Previous to weaving the warp and weft threads for the production of the fabric or mat the threads or strands are prepared by selecting the'proper kind'of hair and twisting the same together in a manner to produce the threads or strands of proper size; The warpthreads in the body or'main portion of themat are made of animal hair which is long, hard, stiff, and coarse, and hair of this characterfhaving a thick and coarse filament is woven together to produce a strand of the proper length and thickn'ess. The strands forming the weft-threads are made of two kindsof long animal hairfirst, hair which is stiff, and coarse-,"and, second, hair which and pliable.

i It will be understood that inispinning the threads which are employed to'produce the weft of the mat or cloth I select'hair of medium texture. As hair of this character is not readily obtainable, I prefer to mix long strands of hard hair with similar strands of soft hair, and thereby produce, in the technical phraseology of hair manufacturers, a product known as a medium grade of hair. The threads having been properly intertwined to produce the weft-strands, the latter are employed in the manufacture of the mat so as to be interwoven with the warp-strands in the body and the selvage of the fabric.

The warp-threads A in the body and the selvagewarp-threads B are arranged alongside one another in parallel relation, while the weft-th reads (1 extend across the warp-threads of the body and the selvage, so as to be covered thereby. The warp-threads in the body and the selvage of the cloth are from one to eight times in excess per square inch of the weft- ,threads in order to distribute the pressure of said warp-threads more evenly over the weftthreads. These weft-threads are from two to three times thicker than the warp-threads, and this is desirable because the weft-threads of increased thickness secure a more yielding and cushioning efi'ect for the warp-threads.

It is obvious that the employment of warpthreads which are as thick as the weft-threads will serve to concentrate the pressure at the points where the warp and weft intersect each other; but by the use of an increased number of warp-threads a corresponding increase in the points of engagement of the two threads is secured, thereby reducing the pressure which the weft-threads are called upon to sustain.

The warp-threads B at the selvage are composed of long, soft, and pliable animal hair, the same being twisted together in order to secure strands which are more pliable than the warp-threads employed in the body of the mat or fabric.

The use of warp-threads in the body of the mat having the peculiar characteristics hereinbefore described secures increased strength and durability in that portion of the cloth or mat which is most exposed to the pressure of the seeds and the press-plates, and by weaving the cloth with the warps lying close together, so as to leave no space between adjacent warps, the seeds are prevented from passing between the warps and coming in contact with the weft-threads, thus reducing the shearing strain of the seeds upon the weft-threads and preventing the mat from splitting in a longitudinal direction. The employment of selvage threads or strands made of soft hair at the edges of the mat minimizes the tendency of the mat to give way at the selvage, especially when the body of the mat is made of warp-threads which are comparatively harsh and coarse.

The improved mat possesses all the desirable drainage properties which accrue from the use of animal hair, and at the same time it overcomes the objection so frequently encountered in breaking or shearing in the direction of its length and at the body portion thereof, owing to the greater strain at the middle of the body when the press is closed.

Another advantage of the improved mat is that it may be folded longitudinally at any line either along the middle or side portions thereof. This folding of the mat can be accomplished Without breaking or straining the same, owing to the longitudinal and parallel arrangement of the warp-strands and the employment of weft-strands, which are comparatively more pliable and fewer in number than the warp-strands.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. An oil-press cloth, consisting of warpthreads and weft-threads, the warp-threads being composed of hard, stiff, coarse and long animal hair, and the weft-threads being made of hard, stifl', coarse and long animal hair mixed with soft, pliable and long animal hair, said warp-threads being greatly in excess per square inch of the weft-threads, and in close proximity to each other so as to cover and protect said Weft-threads, the warp-threads forming the selvage consisting of soft, pliable hair.

2. An oil-press mat or cloth consisting of warp-threads and weft-threads made of long animal hair, the warp-threads at the selvage being of soft hair, and the warp-threads in the body of the mat or cloth having coarse strong hair.

3. An oil-press cloth or mat consisting of hair warp-threads and hair weft-threads, the warp-threads in the body of the mat having hard, coarse and long animal hair, and the warp-threads at the selvage being of soft pliable hair, said weft-threads being thicker than the warp-threads.

4. An oil-press mat or cloth consisting of hair warp-threads and hair weft-threads, the warp-threads forming the selvage consisting of soft pliable hair.

5. An oil-press mat or cloth, consisting of hair warp-threads and hair weft-threads, the warpthreads greatly exceeding the weftthreads in number per square inch, and said warp-threads being of hair which is hard, coarse and strong except at the selvage, said selvage Warp-threads having soft, pliable hair.

6. An oilpress mat consisting of warpthreads and weft-threads made of long animal hair, said weft-threads being composed of hair of medium grade, and the warp-threads forming the selvage being of soft pliable hair, said warp-threads exceeding the weft-threads in number per square inch.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT FRANZ WERK.

Witnesses:

HENRY MARTIN, FRITZ BoE'rrRID. 

